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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
13:36

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Published on: September 30, 2010

Somatic cell nuclear transfer: pros and cons.

Huseyin Sumer1, Jun Liu, Pollyanna Tat

  • 1Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia.

Journal of Stem Cells
|March 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a key method for generating stem cells and cloned animals. This review examines SCNT's advantages and disadvantages compared to other reprogramming techniques.

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Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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Published on: April 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Stem cell science
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a relatively new technique, established just over a decade ago.
  • SCNT has yielded significant advancements in stem cell research and animal cloning.
  • Despite progress in other reprogramming fields, SCNT remains a critical benchmark.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages and disadvantages of SCNT.
  • To compare SCNT with alternative reprogramming methods.
  • To highlight SCNT's role in generating autologous pluripotent stem cells and cloned animals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of SCNT techniques and applications.
  • Comparative analysis of SCNT against other reprogramming strategies (e.g., induced pluripotent stem cells).
  • Discussion of SCNT's utility in specific contexts like transplantation and animal production.

Main Results:

  • SCNT is essential for producing genetically unmodified autologous pluripotent stem cells for transplantation.
  • SCNT remains the gold standard for the production of cloned animals.
  • The review identifies key strengths and weaknesses of SCNT in comparison to emerging reprogramming technologies.

Conclusions:

  • SCNT continues to be a vital tool in stem cell biology and cloning.
  • Understanding SCNT's pros and cons is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine and biotechnology.
  • Further research may refine SCNT or identify superior alternatives for specific applications.