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Related Concept Videos

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...
Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices
08:29

Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices

Published on: June 3, 2015

Spatially local parallel tempering for thermal-equilibrium sampling.

R E Spinney1, D R Bowler, M J Gillan

  • 1London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom. r.spinney@ucl.ac.uk

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|March 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local parallel tempering (PT) algorithms accelerate sampling in complex systems. These new methods offer linear scaling, making them suitable for large systems and extended structures like surfaces and interfaces.

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Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices
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Area of Science:

  • Computational physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Parallel tempering (PT) enhances thermal-equilibrium sampling in systems with energy barriers.
  • Standard PT methods exhibit unfavorable computational scaling with system size, limiting their application to large systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel local parallel tempering (PT) algorithms with improved computational efficiency.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of these new algorithms for complex systems.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of local parallel tempering (PT) algorithms.
  • Testing algorithms on one-dimensional model systems.
  • Validation of results for selected observables.

Main Results:

  • Local PT algorithms achieve computational effort proportional to the degrees of freedom.
  • Practical linear scaling was demonstrated for the proposed algorithms.
  • Algorithms showed applicability to systems in higher dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Local PT algorithms provide a computationally efficient approach for large-scale sampling.
  • These methods are promising for studying large extended systems, including surfaces and interfaces.