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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Long-Term Memory01:18

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Sensory Memory01:14

Sensory Memory

Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Published on: June 12, 2017

Binding across space and time in visual working memory.

Paul Johan Karlsen1, Richard J Allen, Alan D Baddeley

  • 1University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.

Memory & Cognition
|March 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binding visual features like color and shape into objects in visual short-term memory is not fully automatic. Separating features or adding attentional load impaired memory performance, suggesting active binding processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Previous research suggested automatic binding of visual features in short-term memory.
  • The role of attention and active binding processes remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether feature binding in visual working memory requires active processes.
  • To examine the impact of spatial/temporal feature separation and attentional load on binding.

Main Methods:

  • Seven experiments compared retention of bound vs. separated features (color, shape).
  • Attentional load was manipulated using a concurrent task.
  • Working memory retention was assessed via recognition probe.

Main Results:

  • Spatial and temporal feature separation impaired memory performance.
  • Increased attentional load also reduced performance.
  • No interaction found between feature separation and attentional load.

Conclusions:

  • Feature binding in visual working memory appears to require active processes, not automatic.
  • The episodic buffer may passively store bound objects but not perform binding.
  • Findings challenge automatic binding theories and support active binding models.