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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
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Published on: August 20, 2019

Large-aperture high-resolution x-ray collimator for the Solar Maximum Mission.

R A Nobles, L W Acton, E G Joki

    Applied Optics
    |March 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new multigrid X-ray collimator was developed for the Solar Maximum Mission, achieving 12-arcsec resolution for solar X-ray spectroscopy. This advanced X-ray optics design offers improved performance and accessibility for space missions.

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    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

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    Area of Science:

    • X-ray optics and instrumentation
    • Solar physics and space-based astronomy

    Background:

    • Development of advanced X-ray collimators is crucial for high-resolution solar spectroscopy.
    • The Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) required precise X-ray optics for its flat crystal spectrometer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the design, construction, and performance of a flight-qualified multigrid X-ray collimator.
    • To achieve a 12 x 12-arcsec angular resolution for X-ray wavelengths between 1.4-22.4 Å.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an optical bench/metering structure for aligning prealigned grid subassemblies.
    • Employed a compound, bimetallic grid design with gold apertures supported by Invar grids.
    • Incorporated a two-layer aluminum thermal filter for solar heating protection.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved an average angular resolution of 12.5-arcsec FWHM for large channels and 12.0-arcsec for small channels.
    • Measured transmission rates of 0.259 for large channels and 0.200 for small channels.
    • Successfully passed a protoflight acoustic test environment (147-dB).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed multigrid X-ray collimator meets flight qualification requirements for the SMM.
    • The design offers a viable solution for high-resolution X-ray observation in space applications.
    • The accessible design facilitates inspection and servicing of grid subassemblies.