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Atmospheric radiometry at submillimeter wavelengths.

|March 18, 2010

Summary

This study explores using submillimeter radiometry to measure stratospheric water vapor. Accurate measurements require accounting for spectral contamination from ozone and oxygen emissions.

Area of Science:

Atmospheric science
Spectroscopy
Radiometry

Background:

Stratospheric water vapor is crucial for climate and atmospheric chemistry.
Submillimeter (very far infrared) spectral region offers potential for water vapor remote sensing.
Spectral contamination from other atmospheric gases can interfere with measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate broadband emission radiometry for stratospheric water vapor detection.
To quantitatively assess spectral contamination from ozone (O3), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen (N2).
To inform instrument design for accurate water vapor measurements.

Main Methods:

Analysis of submillimeter spectroscopy.
Quantitative determination of spectral line contributions from O3, O2, and N2.

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Modeling of emission line effects.

Main Results:

Ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) emissions significantly contaminate water vapor (H2O) signals.
O3 lines result from electric dipole transitions; O2 lines from magnetic dipole transitions.
Collision-induced electric dipole effects in N2 also contribute to spectral contamination.

Conclusions:

Submillimeter radiometry is applicable for stratospheric water vapor studies.
Accurate H2O measurements necessitate correction for or elimination of O3, O2, and N2 spectral contamination.
Instrument design must consider and mitigate spectral interference for reliable atmospheric sensing.