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Fatigue

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

Fatigue Strength of Concrete

Fatigue Strength of Concrete

Fatigue, in the context of materials science and engineering, refers to the weakening or failure of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads, even if these loads are below the strength limit of the material. Fatigue strength in concrete is a critical property that influences its durability and longevity. Concrete can fail in two ways due to fatigue. Static fatigue or creep rupture occurs under a constant load or one that increases slowly. The other failure mode is due to cyclical or...

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Published on: September 29, 2019

Optical method for fatigue crack detection.

B J Pernick, J Kennedy

|March 18, 2010

Summary

A novel optical Fourier spectrum analyzer system detects tiny, 0.5 micrometer fatigue cracks in titanium. This advanced technique uses laser light diffraction patterns for reliable crack signature analysis without precise focusing.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optical Physics
Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

Fatigue cracks in titanium alloys pose significant risks in various engineering applications.
Early detection of micro-cracks is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and preventing catastrophic failures.
Current detection methods may require complex procedures or lack sensitivity for micro-scale defects.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a 1-D optical Fourier spectrum analyzer system for detecting small fatigue cracks in titanium.
To demonstrate the system's capability in identifying micro-cracks with high sensitivity.
To analyze the optical signatures generated by surface cracks and understand their underlying physics.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a 1-D optical Fourier spectrum analyzer system.

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Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Published on: March 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Published on: September 29, 2019

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Published on: January 16, 2019

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Published on: March 7, 2018

Scanning reflected laser light diffraction patterns from titanium test samples.

Employing analytic modeling of crack surface profiles to interpret optical signatures.

Main Results:

Successfully detected fatigue cracks as small as 0.5 micrometers in titanium.
Observed distinct signature features in diffraction patterns correlated with the presence of surface cracks.
Demonstrated robustness of signature characteristics, unaffected by critical focusing or precise optics-to-sample positioning.

Conclusions:

The 1-D optical Fourier spectrum analyzer is a sensitive and robust tool for detecting micro-scale fatigue cracks in titanium.
Laser light diffraction pattern analysis provides reliable signatures for crack identification.
Analytic modeling effectively explains the observed optical phenomena related to crack surface profiles.