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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Pulsed multiwavelength laser ranging system for measuring atmospheric delay.

J B Abshire

    Applied Optics
    |March 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new multiwavelength laser ranging system measures atmospheric path delay using differential pulse times. This technology aims for centimeter-level accuracy in satellite laser ranging, crucial for atmospheric density studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric physics
    • Geodesy
    • Optical engineering

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of atmospheric path delay is critical for satellite laser ranging (SLR) precision.
    • Existing methods face challenges in achieving the required accuracy for atmospheric correction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a multiwavelength laser ranging system for measuring atmospheric path delay.
    • To assess the system's capability for achieving centimeter-level accuracy in atmospheric path delay recovery.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a frequency-tripled, dye mode-locked Nd:YAG laser generating 532 nm and 355 nm pulses.
    • Employed subnanosecond response time photomultipliers for precise differential time-of-flight measurements.
    • Measured the difference in propagation times between the two wavelengths to infer integrated air density.

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    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

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    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the feasibility of measuring differential arrival times with potential accuracy of 3-7 picoseconds.
    • Presented initial results from horizontal path testing of the system.
    • The system's design targets the recovery of atmospheric path delay to the 1-cm level.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed multiwavelength laser ranging system shows promise for enhancing atmospheric path delay measurements in SLR.
    • Achieving picosecond-level timing accuracy is essential for centimeter-level atmospheric correction.
    • Further testing and refinement are needed to validate performance in real-world SLR applications.