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Related Concept Videos

Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

Core excitons in solids.

F Bassani

    Applied Optics
    |March 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Deep core excitons in semiconductors require a breakdown of effective-mass approximation. Dynamical correlations may cause this, but conditions in semiconductors typically prevent it, suggesting effective-mass theory is usually valid.

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    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Published on: June 28, 2016

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    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
    08:04

    Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

    Published on: May 27, 2020

    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
    10:40

    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Published on: June 28, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Solid State Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Core excitons are crucial in understanding electronic properties of insulators and semiconductors.
    • The effective-mass approximation is a cornerstone for theoretical descriptions of excitons.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the theory of core excitons in insulators and semiconductors.
    • To investigate the validity of the effective-mass approximation for deep core excitons.
    • To explore mechanisms for the breakdown of effective-mass approximation.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical review of core exciton theory.
    • Analysis of effective-mass approximation validity.
    • Consideration of dynamical correlation effects using the electronic polaron model.

    Main Results:

    • Deep core excitons (≈1 eV binding energy) necessitate a breakdown of effective-mass approximation in semiconductors.
    • Dynamical correlations offer a potential breakdown mechanism, but typical semiconductor properties (low electron mass, high dielectric function) favor effective-mass theory.
    • Special cases might involve interactions between equivalent minima or time-dependent screening, potentially leading to shallow-deep instabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective-mass theory is generally applicable to core excitons in semiconductors.
    • Further theoretical calculations are needed to confirm the possibility of shallow-deep instabilities in specific semiconductor systems.
    • Experimental verification of these theories is encouraged.