Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The elusive <i>endo</i>-product of the archetypal Diels-Alder reaction of furan and maleic anhydride - observed in the solid state at last.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Assessing crystallisation behaviour in molecular crystals through particle rugosities.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Accelerating Prediction of Complex Molecular Crystals by Sensible Selection of Asymmetric Units.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Hydration control in molecular salts through counterion selection.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Fast Molecular Crystal Structure Prediction Using Sampling by Analogy to Previously Predicted Landscapes.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Continuous invariant-based asymmetries of periodic crystals quantify deviations from higher symmetry.

IUCrJ·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Predicting stoichiometry and structure of solvates.

Aurora J Cruz-Cabeza1, Shyam Karki, László Fábián

  • 1The Pfizer Institute for Pharmaceutical Materials Science, The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EZ, UK.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|March 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Crystal structure prediction calculations accurately determine the composition and arrangement of multicomponent molecular crystals. This method was successfully applied to elucidate the structure of a novel theobromine acetic acid solvate.

More Related Videos

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Predicting the structure of multicomponent molecular crystals, such as solvates, is challenging.
  • Experimental methods can be labor-intensive and may not always yield definitive structural information.
  • Understanding crystal structures is crucial for materials design and property prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of crystal structure prediction calculations for multicomponent molecular crystals.
  • To accurately predict both the stoichiometry and atomic arrangement of these complex systems.
  • To determine the specific crystal structure of a newly identified theobromine acetic acid solvate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced computational algorithms for crystal structure prediction.
  • Performing theoretical calculations to explore potential crystal packing arrangements.
  • Comparing predicted structures with experimental data where available.

Main Results:

  • Crystal structure prediction calculations successfully predicted the stoichiometry of the target compound.
  • The computational methods accurately determined the detailed atomic structure of the theobromine acetic acid solvate.
  • The predicted structure aligns with known chemical principles and experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • Crystal structure prediction is a powerful and reliable tool for characterizing multicomponent molecular crystals.
  • This approach offers a significant advancement in understanding and designing novel crystalline materials.
  • The study provides a validated structural model for the theobromine acetic acid solvate, facilitating further research.