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Studying primate carpal kinematics in three dimensions using a computed-tomography-based markerless registration

Caley M Orr1, Evan L Leventhal, Spencer F Chivers

  • 1School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA. caley.orr@asu.edu

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Summary

This study introduces a new 3D method for analyzing primate wrist biomechanics. It reveals closer carpal packing in chimpanzees, suggesting a more stable wrist for knuckle-walking.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate functional morphology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Understanding primate wrist biomechanics is crucial for reconstructing extinct species' capabilities.
  • Few detailed biomechanical studies exist for nonhuman primate wrists due to morphological complexity.
  • Carpal kinematics and joint roles in wrist mobility/stability are key research areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and outline a novel method for analyzing three-dimensional (3D) carpal kinematics in nonhuman primates.
  • To adapt techniques from human clinical studies for comparative analysis in primate functional morphology.
  • To provide a framework for studying wrist mechanics and its evolutionary implications.

Main Methods:

  • Employs computed tomography (CT) of primate cadaver forelimbs across the wrist's range of motion.
  • Utilizes markerless registration of 3D polygon models based on bone inertial properties.
  • Reviews 3D kinematic principles for extracting motion axis parameters and presents anatomically based coordinate systems.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrates the application of the method to elucidate primate wrist mechanics.
  • Reveals closer carpal packing in chimpanzees compared to orangutans.
  • Suggests this closer packing contributes to a more stabilized midcarpus and rigid wrist.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D kinematic method is effective for comparative studies of primate wrist function.
  • Chimpanzee wrist morphology, with its closer carpal packing, is adapted for efficient knuckle-walking.
  • This research provides valuable insights into the evolution of primate locomotor and manipulative capabilities.