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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Lung Rapid Recovery Procurement Combined with Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion in Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death

Lung Rapid Recovery Procurement Combined with Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion in Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death

Published on: August 15, 2022

Processed electroencephalogram during donation after cardiac death.

David B Auyong¹, Stephen M Klein, Tong J Gan

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. david.auyong@vmmc.org

Anesthesia and Analgesia

|March 19, 2010

Summary

Increased bispectral index values were observed during donation after cardiac death (DCD) procedures. These electroencephalogram (EEG) changes, potentially indicating lighter anesthesia, occurred even without anesthetic drugs, warranting further investigation.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Lung Rapid Recovery Procurement Combined with Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion in Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death

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Published on: August 15, 2022

Large-Animal Model of Donation after Circulatory Death and Normothermic Regional Perfusion for Cardiac Assessment

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Published on: May 10, 2022

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

Published on: August 2, 2019

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Neuroscience
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Donation after cardiac death (DCD) protocols involve the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies.
Monitoring of brain activity, such as processed electroencephalogram (EEG), is sometimes employed during DCD.
Changes in processed EEG are typically interpreted as indicators of anesthetic depth.

Observation:

A case series documented unexpected increases in bispectral index (BIS) values during DCD.
These EEG changes mimicked lighter planes of anesthesia immediately after withdrawal of care.
Similar reproducible EEG changes were observed in DCD cases without hypnotic or anesthetic drug administration.

Findings:

Processed EEG changes post-withdrawal of care in DCD are not solely attributable to anesthetic agents.
These observed EEG alterations can occur independently of significant electromyographic or electrocardiographic artifacts.
The findings challenge the assumption that all such EEG changes are artifacts.

Implications:

The observed processed EEG changes in DCD warrant careful consideration beyond artifactual explanations.
Further research is needed to determine if hypnotic or anesthetic drug administration is indicated based on these EEG findings during DCD.
This study highlights an unexplored area regarding the management of DCD patients based on neurophysiological monitoring.