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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
05:32

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma.

Rahul Mhaskar1, Jasmina Redzepovic, Keith Wheatley

  • 1Center for Evidence-based medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|March 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphosphonates help prevent fractures and reduce pain in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but do not improve survival. This review confirms their benefit in managing skeletal-related events (SREs).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
05:32

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic activity and are used in multiple myeloma (MM) supportive care.
  • The precise clinical utility of bisphosphonates in MM requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update a previous review on bisphosphonate efficacy in MM.
  • To analyze observational studies on osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) associated with bisphosphonate use.

Main Methods:

  • Searched literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of bisphosphonates in myeloma.
  • Included observational studies and case reports on bisphosphonate-related ONJ.
  • Performed pooled analysis of data using risk ratios and assessed heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates significantly reduced pathological vertebral fractures (RR=0.74), skeletal-related events (SREs) (RR=0.80), and pain (RR=0.75) compared to placebo.
  • No significant impact on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), or non-vertebral fractures.
  • No single bisphosphonate showed superiority; ONJ was noted as a potential event.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphosphonates are beneficial in reducing vertebral fractures, SREs, and pain in MM patients.
  • Treatment does not improve survival outcomes.
  • No specific bisphosphonate demonstrated superiority over others.