Immunological abnormalities in oral precancers

Cancer of the oral cavity constitutes approximately 30% of all malignancies in India today. Many oral cancers first present as a precancerous lesion and hence it is important to understand the biological factors associated with such lesions. The immune system and its functioning is a significant element in the development of cancer. Considerable evidence exists suggesting that the immune response plays a role in regulating the development and growth of oral precancers. This paper reviews the various immunological abnormalities associated with oral precancers including cell surface changes, alterations in cell mediated immune reactions and humoral immune abnormalities.