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Compensatory renal hypertrophy in hypophysectomized rats.

S E Dicker, A L Greenbaum, C A Morris

    The Journal of Physiology
    |December 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Hypophysectomy reduces kidney weight, but remaining kidney mass increases after unilateral nephrectomy in rats. This compensatory growth is linked to cyclic GMP levels, which decrease with prolonged hypophysectomy.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Renal Biology

    Background:

    • Hypophysectomy causes body and kidney weight loss, with kidneys decreasing at a faster rate.
    • Compensatory renal hypertrophy, the kidney's ability to adapt after partial removal, is influenced by hormonal status.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of hypophysectomy duration on compensatory renal hypertrophy following unilateral nephrectomy.
    • To explore the role of cyclic nucleotides, specifically cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, in this adaptive process.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats underwent hypophysectomy for varying durations (2 to 23 days) followed by unilateral nephrectomy.
    • Kidney weights and cyclic nucleotide levels (cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP) were measured.
    • Experiments involved cell implantation and cross-circulation between normal and hypophysectomized rats.

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    Main Results:

    • Unilateral nephrectomy led to increased dry kidney weight in hypophysectomized rats, with the effect more pronounced in those hypophysectomized for longer periods.
    • Renal cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP levels were significantly lower in rats hypophysectomized for 23 days compared to 2-day hypophysectomized or normal rats.
    • Implanting renal cortical cells from 2-day hypophysectomized rats inhibited hypertrophy, while cells from 23-day hypophysectomized rats did not.
    • Cross-circulation experiments suggested a role for a factor present in 2-day hypophysectomized rats in increasing renal cyclic GMP.

    Conclusions:

    • Compensatory renal hypertrophy is impaired but still occurs after hypophysectomy, with its capacity diminishing over time.
    • The reduction in cyclic GMP levels correlates with the decreased capacity for hypertrophy in prolonged hypophysectomy.
    • Hormonal factors, potentially related to cyclic GMP regulation, are crucial for optimal renal adaptation.