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Titanium endosseous implant-soft tissue interface: a literature review
1Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN.
Journal of Periodontology
|February 1, 1991
Summary
Titanium dental implants show chemical attachment to epithelial cells, crucial for a biologic seal. Surface modifications may improve soft tissue integration and implant prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Periodontology
- Dental Implantology
Background:
- Normal periodontal anatomy and titanium's role in endosseous implants.
- Review of epithelial and connective tissue attachment to titanium surfaces.
- Adequacy, mechanisms, and surface property effects on cell attachment to implants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on cell attachment to titanium implants.
- To explore mechanisms of biologic seal formation.
- To understand how surface properties influence tissue integration for improved implant prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
- In vitro and in vivo demonstration of chemical attachment.
- Histological examination of tissue-implant interfaces.
Main Results:
- Chemical attachment between titanium oxide layer and epithelium demonstrated.
- Glycoprotein mediation of epithelial attachment observed.
- Minimal evidence for absolute connective tissue attachment, but tight apposition possible.
Conclusions:
- Surface morphology alterations can selectively enhance epithelial or fibroblast attachment.
- Improved understanding of attachment mechanisms can enhance biologic seal integrity.
- Optimizing the biologic seal is key to improving titanium implant prognosis.