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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

Defining subphenotypes for tooth agenesis: does side matter?

Marcelo de Castro Costa1, Erika Calvano Küchler, Paulo Ferreira Garcia Filho

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
|March 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tooth agenesis, specifically unilateral lower second premolar agenesis, occurred more frequently than bilateral cases. This finding suggests potential genetic influences on tooth development patterns.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Genetics
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Tooth agenesis, a common dental anomaly, has an unclear etiology.
  • Identifying specific hypodontia subphenotypes is crucial for investigating genetic contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess a large cohort for preferential tooth agenesis subphenotypes.
  • To investigate if specific genetic factors correlate with distinct hypodontia patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Panoramic radiographs of 1034 individuals were analyzed.
  • The prevalence and patterns of tooth agenesis were systematically recorded.

Main Results:

  • The overall frequency of tooth agenesis was 3.77%.
  • Unilateral agenesis was more prevalent in the mandibular arch, primarily affecting second premolars.
  • Unilateral lower second premolar agenesis occurred more frequently than bilateral agenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral lower second premolar agenesis is more common than bilateral agenesis.
  • A potential right-side predilection for unilateral agenesis suggests lateralized genetic expression.
  • Further research into genetic factors influencing specific tooth agenesis patterns is warranted.