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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Structure and initial validation of a short form of the therapeutic factors inventory
Rebecca R Macnair-Semands1, John S Ogrodniczuk, Anthony S Joyce
1Counseling Center, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA. RRMACNAI@uncc.edu
Abstract:
This study examined the factor structure and validity of the Therapeutic Factors Inventory-Short Form (TFI-S), a measure originally developed to assess Yalom's eleven conceptually derived therapeutic factors. Patients in a group-oriented day treatment program (n = 174) completed the TFI-S and other measures to assess concurrent and predictive validity. Four broad therapeutic factors were identified: Instillation of Hope, Secure Emotional Expression, Awareness of Interpersonal Impact, and Social Learning. Alpha coefficients ranged from .71 to .91. Significant correlations between the TFI-S factors and Group Climate Questionnaire subscales provided preliminary evidence for the concurrent validity of the TFI S. Significant relationships were also identified between the TFI-S factors and improvement in symptoms, quality of life, and interpersonal distress at the end of treatment, suggesting that the TFI-S may have predictive validity.
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