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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow

The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Production, Characterization and Potential Uses of a 3D Tissue-engineered Human Esophageal Mucosal Model
12:16

Production, Characterization and Potential Uses of a 3D Tissue-engineered Human Esophageal Mucosal Model

Published on: May 18, 2015

Modelling Barrett's oesophagus.

Jianping Kong1, Douglas B Stairs, John P Lynch

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|March 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Barrett

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An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett’s Esophagus Cells
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An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett’s Esophagus Cells

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Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
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Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Production, Characterization and Potential Uses of a 3D Tissue-engineered Human Esophageal Mucosal Model
12:16

Production, Characterization and Potential Uses of a 3D Tissue-engineered Human Esophageal Mucosal Model

Published on: May 18, 2015

An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett’s Esophagus Cells
08:54

An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett’s Esophagus Cells

Published on: July 20, 2014

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
05:19

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Published on: August 25, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Molecular Biology
  • Investigating epithelial cell differentiation and metaplasia
  • Focus on Barrett's esophagus pathogenesis

Background:

  • Barrett's esophagus involves squamous to columnar epithelial change in the esophagus.
  • The cellular origin and differentiation pathway remain unclear.
  • Understanding this transition is crucial for managing esophageal adenocarcinoma risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if esophageal keratinocytes can trans-differentiate into Barrett's esophagus cells.
  • To explore the role of intestine-specific transcription factors in this process.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying esophageal epithelial reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix microarrays.
  • Retroviral delivery of Cdx2 (Caudal-type homeobox 2) in esophageal keratinocytes (EPC2-hTERT cells).
  • Manipulation of cell proliferation (cyclin D1, p53) and chromatin remodeling treatments.

Main Results:

  • Barrett's esophagus gene expression shows intermediate similarity to normal esophagus and small intestine.
  • Transient Cdx2 expression reduced keratinocyte proliferation, rescued by cyclin D1.
  • Chromatin remodeling treatments significantly induced Barrett's esophagus-associated genes in Cdx2-expressing cells.

Conclusions:

  • Barrett's esophagus epithelial cells may represent an intermediate phenotype between keratinocytes and intestinal cells.
  • Altering specific gene expression, potentially with chromatin remodeling, may induce Barrett's esophagus from esophageal keratinocytes.
  • Further research on transcription factors is needed to fully understand and potentially control this metaplasia.