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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants
Published on: January 1, 2016
Continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of pharmaceuticals and
A Azzouz1, B Souhail, E Ballesteros
1Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S of Linares, University of Jaén, Alfonso X, El Sabio 28, 23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
Abstract:
A semi-automatic flow-based method for the simultaneous determination of 9 pharmaceuticals and 3 hormones in water samples in a single analytical run is proposed. The analytes were retained on a solid-phase extraction sorbent column and 1 microL of the eluate analysed by gas chromatography in combination with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry in the SIM mode. The sorbent used, Oasis-HLB, provided near-quantitative recovery of all analytes. The proposed method was validated with quite good analytical results including low limits of detection (0.01-0.06 ng L(-1) for 100 mL of water) and good linearity (r2>0.993) throughout the studied concentration ranges. The method provided good accuracy (recoveries of 85-103%) and precision (between- and within-day RSD values less than 7%) in the determination of the pharmaceuticals and hormones in tap, river, pond, well, swimming pool and wastewater.
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