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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

[Speed drugs].

Wojciech Piekoszewski1, Ewa Florek

  • 1Zakład Chemii Analitycznej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków. wpiekosz@tlen.pl

Przeglad Lekarski
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

New regulations in Poland have made benzylpyperazine and related compounds illegal "speed drugs." This article examines the sources and biological effects of these newly controlled psychoactive substances.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Previously, "speed drugs" were not widely associated with significant social or emotional impacts.
  • Commonly linked to energy drinks and performance enhancement in demanding work environments.
  • Recent regulatory changes in Poland have led to the inclusion of benzylpyperazine and related compounds on the list of controlled substances.

Purpose:

  • To discuss the origins and biological mechanisms of newly regulated psychoactive substances.
  • To inform about the legal status and potential effects of these substances in Poland.

Summary:

  • Benzylpyperazine (BZP) and its analogues, previously available, are now controlled substances in Poland.
  • The article explores the pharmacological sources and biological actions of these psychoactive compounds.

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Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature
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Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature

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Modeling Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry Data from Electrically Stimulated Dopamine Neurotransmission Data Using QNsim1.0
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Modeling Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry Data from Electrically Stimulated Dopamine Neurotransmission Data Using QNsim1.0

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Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature
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  • These substances, along with 17 plant products, are now illegal due to regulatory updates.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the evolving landscape of psychoactive substance regulation.
    • Provides crucial information for healthcare professionals, law enforcement, and the public regarding illegal drugs.
    • Contributes to understanding the risks associated with emerging psychoactive substances.