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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers
08:28

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

Published on: September 4, 2017

[Research on the silk aging with x-ray diffraction spectra].

Xiao-mei Zhang1, Si-xun Yuan

  • 1School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. zxm@pku.edu.cn

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

X-ray diffraction analysis reveals silk aging mechanisms and crystallinity changes. This method is valuable for studying ancient silk conservation and textile technology.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Conservation
  • Analytical Chemistry

Context:

  • Silk fabrics undergo degradation due to environmental factors like light, heat, and hydrolysis.
  • Analyzing excavated silk samples from various Chinese provinces provides insights into historical material behavior.
  • Understanding silk deterioration is crucial for preserving cultural heritage.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the deterioration mechanisms of silk fabrics.
  • To analyze changes in silk crystallinity during aging using X-ray diffraction.
  • To evaluate the applicability of X-ray diffraction analysis in silk conservation studies.

Summary:

  • Silk samples, both artificially aged and excavated, were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • Artificial aging simulated light, heat, and hydrolysis, key natural degradation factors.

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Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric
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Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric

Published on: January 29, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers
08:28

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

Published on: September 4, 2017

Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric
07:48

Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric

Published on: January 29, 2020

  • XRD analysis successfully identified aging processes, silk characteristics, and crystallinity alterations.

    • Impact:

    • X-ray diffraction analysis is a valuable tool for assessing the conservation status of ancient silk.
    • The study provides insights into the aging mechanisms of silk fibers.
    • Findings contribute to understanding ancient textile technologies and apparel production.