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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
10:54

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol

Published on: November 21, 2025

Staying well after depression: trial design and protocol.

J Mark G Williams1, Ian T Russell, Catherine Crane

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK. mark.williams@psych.ox.ac.uk

BMC Psychiatry
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) may prevent depression relapse in recurrently depressed patients, particularly those with suicidal tendencies. This study compares MBCT against cognitive psycho-education and treatment as usual.

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Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)
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Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

Published on: September 23, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
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Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol

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Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)
05:47

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

Published on: September 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Depression is a chronic, relapsing condition with high relapse rates (50-80%).
  • Recurrent depression, especially with suicidal ideation, poses significant challenges due to increased risk of acute suicidal episodes.
  • Preventing relapse in recurrently depressed individuals, particularly those with suicidality, is a critical clinical concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in preventing depression relapse.
  • To assess whether MBCT reduces the incidence of suicidal symptoms in recurrently depressed patients who relapse.
  • To compare MBCT against Cognitive Psycho-Education (CPE) and treatment as usual (TAU) for recurrent depression.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial comparing MBCT, CPE, and TAU.
  • Participants (aiming for 300 retained) were stratified by suicidality and antidepressant use.
  • Treatments involved 8 weekly 2-hour group sessions, with outcomes assessed over 12 months post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • This section is not available in the provided abstract.
  • This section is not available in the provided abstract.
  • This section is not available in the provided abstract.

Conclusions:

  • This trial is the first to directly compare MBCT against a plausible psychological control (CPE) for depression relapse prevention.
  • It investigates MBCT's effectiveness in severe recurrent depression, specifically in patients with a history of suicidality.
  • The study aims to provide crucial data on MBCT's role in managing complex recurrent depression.