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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.

Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Published on: August 16, 2010

Chapter 3 - Colloidal systems for CNS drug delivery.

Luca Costantino¹, Giovanni Tosi, Barbara Ruozi

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. luca.costantino@unimore.it

Progress in Brain Research

|March 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Noninvasive colloidal vectors like liposomes and nanoparticles show promise for delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, further research is needed to understand their characteristics and potential side effects for safe and effective brain targeting.

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A Triple Culture Cell System Modeling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier

A Triple Culture Cell System Modeling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier

Published on: November 30, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Published on: August 16, 2010

A Triple Culture Cell System Modeling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier

A Triple Culture Cell System Modeling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier

Published on: November 30, 2021

Area of Science:

Nanomedicine
Neuroscience
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent a major therapeutic area, driving demand for advanced drug delivery methods.
Noninvasive strategies for drug delivery to the brain are under active investigation.
Colloidal carriers, including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, have demonstrated potential for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of surface-engineered colloidal systems for noninvasive drug delivery to the brain.
To investigate the characteristics of colloidal systems crucial for effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.
To address the challenges and knowledge gaps in utilizing these systems for CNS disorder treatment.

Main Methods:

Confocal microscopy to visualize colloidal system penetration.
Biodistribution experiments to quantify carrier presence in the brain.
Pharmacological effect assessment of embedded drugs.

Main Results:

Colloidal vectors (approx. 200nm) can cross the BBB without apparent damage.
Drug loading can alter colloidal system surface properties, impacting biodistribution unpredictably.
Potential for unforeseen adverse effects from carriers, especially in long-term therapies, requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

While promising, significant research is required to optimize colloidal systems for safe and effective brain targeting in CNS therapies.
Understanding carrier characteristics and drug-carrier interactions is crucial for successful blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing.
Current FDA-approved systems are not yet optimized for brain targeting, highlighting the need for continued development.