Chapter 7 - Neuromodulation: Deep brain stimulation, sensory neuroprostheses, and the neural-electrical interface

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Computational Science

Background:

• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has treated movement disorders for decades, but techniques remain largely unchanged.
• Current DBS primarily modulates electrical brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of DBS and sensory neuroprostheses.
• To explore advances in computational analysis and monitoring brain chemistry for DBS.
• To examine nanotechniques for enhancing neural interfaces in neuroprostheses and DBS.

Main Methods:

• Review of current DBS techniques and sensory neuroprostheses.
• Analysis of computational methods for neuromodulation.
• Investigation of chemical and electrical brain activity monitoring.
• Evaluation of nanotechniques for neural-electrical interface enhancement.

Main Results:

• Computational analysis and monitoring brain chemical activity offer significant advances for DBS.
• Optimal configurations and stimulation sites for retinal prostheses are emerging.
• Nanotechniques show promise in enhancing charge transfer for neural interfaces.

Conclusions:

• Integrating computational analysis and chemical monitoring can advance DBS.
• Nanotechnology can improve sensory neuroprostheses and DBS by enhancing neural interfaces.
• Cross-fertilization between sensory neuroprosthesis and nanotechnology research holds potential for DBS.