Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Getting to the Outer Leaflet: Physiology of Phosphatidylserine Exposure at the Plasma Membrane.

Physiological reviews·2016
Same author

Teaching structure: student use of software tools for understanding macromolecular structure in an undergraduate biochemistry course.

Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·2013
Same author

Molecular functions of anoctamin 6 (TMEM16F): a chloride channel, cation channel, or phospholipid scramblase?

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology·2013
Same author

Both TMEM16F-dependent and TMEM16F-independent pathways contribute to phosphatidylserine exposure in platelet apoptosis and platelet activation.

Blood·2013
Same author

Ribavirin-induced externalization of phosphatidylserine in erythrocytes is predominantly caused by inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase activity.

European journal of pharmacology·2012
Same author

Antithrombotic potential of blockers of store-operated calcium channels in platelets.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity
09:52

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity

Published on: September 20, 2016

Phospholipid scramblase: an update.

Edouard M Bevers1, Patrick L Williamson

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. em.bevers@bioch.unimaas.nl

FEBS Letters
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Collapse of lipid asymmetry exposes phosphatidylserine (PS), crucial for blood coagulation and apoptotic cell signaling. This process involves phospholipid scramblases, though the specific protein remains unidentified, with multiple pathways converging on their activity.

More Related Videos

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity
09:52

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity

Published on: September 20, 2016

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Membrane Biophysics

Background:

  • Lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane is critical for cellular function.
  • Collapse of this asymmetry leads to externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS).
  • PS exposure has key roles in blood coagulation and initiating phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of lipid asymmetry collapse.
  • To understand the role of phospholipid scramblases in this process.
  • To explore the activation pathways of scramblase activity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cells from Scott syndrome patients with impaired lipid scrambling.
  • Investigation of phospholipid scramblase activity.
  • Study of cellular signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure is a primary consequence of lipid asymmetry collapse.
  • Phospholipid scramblases catalyze the bidirectional movement of phospholipids across the bilayer.
  • Scott syndrome cells reveal multiple activation pathways converging on scramblase activity.
  • The specific protein responsible for scramblase activity is yet to be identified.

Conclusions:

  • The collapse of lipid asymmetry has significant functional outcomes, including roles in coagulation and cell death signaling.
  • Phospholipid scramblases are key mediators of lipid asymmetry disruption.
  • Understanding scramblase activation pathways is crucial for elucidating cellular membrane dynamics and related disorders.