Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Using Home-based, Remotely Supervised, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Phantom Limb Pain
Published on: March 1, 2024
A presumed case of phantom limb pain treated successfully with duloxetine and pregabalin
David R Spiegel1, Erik Lappinen, Michael Gottlieb
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. spiegedr@evms.edu
Abstract:
Phantom limb pain (PLP) may occur in nearly 80% of amputation patients. Current research has highlighted several changes that occur in the nociception pathway post amputation. With this knowledge, novel therapies were found that could decrease PLP. Two such drugs are duloxetine and pregabalin, each effecting unique steps in the nociception pathway. We also review the neurobiology and efficacy of this treatment strategy.

