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Related Experiment Videos

Traumatic facial injuries with steering wheel loading.

N Yoganandan1, A Sances, F A Pintar

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.

The Journal of Trauma
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Facial fractures from steering wheel impacts are more severe with higher forces. Energy-absorbing steering wheels reduce facial trauma compared to standard ones, aiding surgical planning with 3-D CT.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Forensic Pathology
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Facial fractures are common injuries in motor vehicle accidents.
  • Understanding the biomechanics of steering wheel impacts is crucial for injury prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the biomechanics of facial fractures caused by steering wheel loading.
  • To compare the effectiveness of standard versus energy-absorbing steering wheels in mitigating facial trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Human cadaver heads were subjected to controlled impacts on steering wheels using a vertical-drop apparatus.
  • Biomechanical forces, accelerations, and deformations were recorded.
  • Pre- and post-impact imaging (radiography, 2D/3D CT) and bone mineral content analysis were performed.

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Main Results:

  • Higher impact forces on the zygoma correlated with more severe facial fractures.
  • Fracture propagation occurred from the zygoma to the mandible and orbit with increasing impact velocity.
  • Energy-absorbing steering wheels resulted in less facial trauma than standard wheels at comparable impact velocities.

Conclusions:

  • Impact velocity and force are key determinants of facial fracture severity and propagation.
  • Energy-absorbing steering wheels offer a potential for reduced facial injury in vehicle collisions.
  • Three-dimensional CT imaging is valuable for assessing the spatial extent of facial fractures and surgical planning.