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Related Concept Videos

Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Plasticizers01:31

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Surgery and Behavioral Testing in the Tibial Neuroma Transposition Model in Rats
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Periocular plastic surgery.

Christoph Hintschich1

  • 1Augenklinik der Universität München, München, Germany. christoph.hintschich@med.uni-muenchen.de

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periocular plastic surgery restores eyelid and orbital function and appearance. Advanced microsurgical techniques and anatomical knowledge are crucial for successful surgical correction of these delicate facial structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Eyelid and orbital structure integrity is vital for vision.
  • Periocular plastic surgery aims to restore anatomy and function of lids, orbits, and periorbital areas affected by congenital or acquired issues.
  • Functional and aesthetic outcomes are interconnected in periocular surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review modern periocular plastic surgery techniques.
  • To highlight the importance of anatomical and functional restoration in the periocular region.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of selected PubMed articles.
  • Inclusion of guidelines from German Ophthalmologists' Association (BVA) and German Ophthalmological Society (DOG).
  • Incorporation of authors' clinical and scientific expertise.

Main Results:

  • Surgical correction focuses on restoring normal eyelid anatomy and function using flaps and grafts.
  • Orbital procedures often require multidisciplinary teams and specialized centers.
  • Minimally invasive approaches enhance cosmetic results, and orbital implants are key for prosthesis fitting in anophthalmos.

Conclusions:

  • Modern periocular plastic surgery utilizes diverse specialized techniques for various abnormalities.
  • Successful outcomes depend on deep understanding of periocular anatomy and physiology.
  • Surgeon's expertise in microsurgical techniques is paramount for effective treatment.