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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Assay for Phosphorylation and Microtubule Binding Along with Localization of Tau Protein in Colorectal Cancer Cells
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Abnormal tau phosphorylation in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Jane Marian Anderson1, Rickie Patani, Richard Reynolds

  • 1Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.

Acta Neuropathologica
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation, particularly in glial cells, is present in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). This suggests a potential role for insoluble tau in the neurodegenerative progression of PPMS.

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Identification of Multiple Phosphorylations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: December 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Neurodegeneration drives multiple sclerosis (MS) progression, but mechanisms are unclear.
  • Abnormal tau phosphorylation is linked to neurodegenerative disorders and has been observed in secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
  • Primary progressive MS (PPMS) is a distinct form of MS characterized by progressive disability from onset, with its neuropathological relationship to SPMS unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tau phosphorylation status in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS).
  • To determine the neuropathological relationship between SPMS and PPMS concerning tau pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of tau phosphorylation in PPMS brain tissue.
  • Biochemical analysis of insoluble tau in PPMS cases.

Main Results:

  • Widespread abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation was observed in multiple cell types in PPMS, with a notable glial bias.
  • Biochemical analysis confirmed the presence of abnormally phosphorylated insoluble tau in all examined PPMS cases.

Conclusions:

  • These findings demonstrate abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and insoluble tau formation in PPMS.
  • This establishes a basis for further research into the role of glial tau pathology and insoluble tau in the neurodegenerative phase of MS.