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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
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An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

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Encoding and representation of simultaneous and sequential arrays in visuospatial working memory.

Lisa Durrance Blalock1, Benjamin A Clegg

  • 1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how visuospatial working memory (VSWM) organizes information. Both sequential and simultaneous presentations utilize global configurations, but sequential methods impair item knowledge more.

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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is crucial for processing spatial information.
  • Understanding how presentation types affect VSWM organization is key to cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of stimulus presentation type (sequential vs. simultaneous) on organizational strategies within VSWM.
  • To determine how different spatial configurations at test influence memory performance.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied stimuli presented either sequentially or simultaneously.
  • A same/different judgment task was used at test with four spatial configuration conditions.
  • Conditions included no change, item switching, array relocation, and novel array presentation.

Main Results:

  • Both sequential and simultaneous presentations relied on a global configuration strategy.
  • Sequential presentations led to greater impairment in item-level memory compared to simultaneous presentations.
  • Evidence suggests a fundamental role of global configuration in VSWM.

Conclusions:

  • Global configuration is a core organizational principle in visuospatial working memory.
  • Presentation modality significantly impacts the fidelity of item-specific information retained in VSWM.