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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

Is the maintenance and reliever approach the answer?

John J Oppenheimer¹, Stephen P Peters

¹Pulmonary and Allergy Associates, Cedar Knolls, New Jersey 07927, USA. nallopp@optonline.net

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

|March 24, 2010

Summary

The maintenance and reliever (M+R) approach using formoterol and budesonide shows promise in reducing asthma exacerbations. Further research is needed to confirm efficacy and understand the mechanism of action.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Pharmacology

Background:

Asthma exacerbations require effective treatment strategies.
The maintenance and reliever (M+R) approach offers a dynamic dosing option for asthma management.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of the M+R approach in managing asthma exacerbations.
To assess the safety profile of using formoterol and budesonide in an M+R regimen.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases.
Keywords included formoterol, budesonide, dynamic dosing, adjustable dosing, and M+R therapy.
Articles were selected based on relevance to M+R therapy for asthma.

Main Results:

Multiple studies indicate that combining formoterol and budesonide in an M+R approach can reduce asthma exacerbations.
Despite concerns about increased long-acting beta-agonist dosage, no significant increase in morbidity or mortality was observed.
Limitations include pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and beta-agonist response as an inclusion criterion in reviewed studies.

Conclusions:

The M+R approach demonstrates potential benefits in asthma exacerbation management, though not all studies confirm efficacy.
Further independent research is recommended to validate findings and elucidate the mechanism of action.
Clarification of efficacy through non-industry-sponsored studies is crucial for future asthma treatment guidelines.