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A disposable tear glucose biosensor-part 1: design and concept testing.

Daniel K Bishop1, Jeffrey T La Belle, Stephen R Vossler

  • 1Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5801, USA.

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Summary

This study presents a novel concept device for noninvasive tear glucose monitoring. The device utilizes a glucose dehydrogenase biosensor and polyurethane foam for tear sampling, showing promising results for future prototype development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Tear glucose monitoring offers a noninvasive alternative for blood glucose estimation.
  • Previous studies highlight the need for improved tear sampling methods and new technologies.
  • A concept device is introduced to address the requirements of a tear glucose biosensor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate different chronoamperometric glucose sensing approaches.
  • To screen absorbent materials for effective tear sampling.
  • To develop a quantitative model for a tear glucose biosensor concept device.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated three chronoamperometric glucose sensing methods: glucose oxidase, Prussian blue, and glucose dehydrogenase.
  • Screened calcium alginate, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and polyurethane foam for tear sampling.
  • Developed a quantitative model for the concept device's functionality.

Main Results:

  • Potassium ferricyanide-mediated glucose dehydrogenase demonstrated optimal sensing with oxygen insensitivity and a low detection limit (2 μM).
  • Polyurethane foam enabled reproducible tear sampling from a simulated eye surface (4.2 ± 0.5 μL).
  • The model estimated 135 nA current for 100 μM tear glucose, with 14.9% relative standard deviation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel concept device for tear glucose sampling was successfully presented.
  • Key functionalities were tested and modeled, indicating device feasibility.
  • The promising results pave the way for prototype development of this noninvasive glucose monitoring technology.