Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.While some alleles of a given gene might be observed commonly, other variants...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The role of alcohol control policy on the level of alcohol consumption in member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2000-2022: identifying trends and country clusters for further analyses.

Journal of global health·2026
Same author

The Lancet Commission on rethinking misinformation, health, and human security.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Genetic Diversity and Historical Divergence of Malays and Indigenous Populations in Peninsular Malaysia and Northern Borneo.

Annals of human genetics·2026
Same author

Alcohol Control Policy in Southeast Asia: A Descriptive Review.

Asia-Pacific journal of public health·2026
Same author

Four paradigm shifts to shape an agenda for global health reforms.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Timely bespoke phage-antibiotic combination to treat refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediastinitis and vascular graft infection.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

MCFST: Spatial domain identification method based on multi-view graph convolutional network and graph fusion network.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

SpaBiT: Enhancing Spatial Transcriptomics Resolution via Bidirectional Attention Transformers.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

EDEL: Enhancing Dense Retrievers for Curation of Biomedical Knowledge Bases.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

Informative Relational Learning for Adverse Reaction Prediction with Enhanced Generalization to Novel Drugs.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

An interpretable deep learning framework uncovers features governing CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing efficiency.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

3DICE: Interpretable 3D Cross-Modal Learning for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction and Large-Scale Drug Discovery.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

varLD: a program for quantifying variation in linkage disequilibrium patterns between populations.

Rick Twee-Hee Ong1, Yik-Ying Teo

  • 1NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|March 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) differences across populations can hinder genome-wide association study (GWAS) replication. Quantifying these LD variations aids in pinpointing causal variants and improving GWAS fine-mapping accuracy.

More Related Videos

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Genomic association studies
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can face replication challenges due to inter-population differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD).
  • Understanding and quantifying these LD variations is crucial for robust genetic association findings.
  • Leveraging population-specific LD patterns can enhance the precision of identifying causal variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a method for assessing and quantifying linkage disequilibrium variations among different populations.
  • To demonstrate how inter-population LD differences can be utilized to improve the fine-mapping of trait-associated variants in GWAS.
  • To provide a tool that aids in both the replication and fine-mapping stages of genome-wide association studies.

Main Methods:

  • The study introduces a computational approach (varLD) to measure and analyze variations in linkage disequilibrium across diverse populations.
  • The methodology focuses on quantifying LD differences to distinguish true association signals from population-specific artifacts.
  • The varLD program facilitates the assessment of LD patterns relevant to genome-wide association study data.

Main Results:

  • The varLD program enables the quantification of linkage disequilibrium variations between populations.
  • This quantification provides a means to leverage inter-population LD differences for more accurate variant fine-mapping.
  • The findings support the utility of assessing population-specific LD in refining association signals from GWAS.

Conclusions:

  • Assessing and quantifying linkage disequilibrium variations among populations is essential for successful GWAS replication.
  • Inter-population LD differences can be strategically employed to narrow down the search for causal variants.
  • The varLD tool contributes to advancing both the replication and fine-mapping phases of genome-wide association studies.