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Adherence to vitamin D recommendations among US infants
Cria G Perrine1, Andrea J Sharma, Maria Elena D Jefferds
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. cgregory@cdc.gov
Pediatrics
|March 24, 2010
Summary
Most US infants do not get enough vitamin D, falling short of the 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. Pediatricians should advise parents on vitamin D supplementation for breastfed or partially formula-fed infants.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Public Health
Background:
- The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated vitamin D recommendations in 2008, doubling the daily intake for infants and children to 400 IU.
- Assessing infant vitamin D intake is crucial for growth and development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prevalence of infants meeting the revised 2008 AAP vitamin D recommendations.
- To analyze vitamin D intake based on infant feeding practices (breast milk, formula, mixed).
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2005-2007).
- Estimated the percentage of infants meeting vitamin D recommendations at multiple ages during the first year.
- Analyzed intake based on breast milk, formula, and mixed feeding patterns.
Main Results:
- Oral vitamin D supplement use was low across all feeding types (1-13%).
- Only 5-13% of exclusively breastfed infants met either the 2003 or 2008 recommendations.
- Exclusively formula-fed infants showed higher adherence to the 2003 recommendation (81-98%), but significantly lower adherence to the 2008 recommendation (20-37%).
- Mixed-fed infants had intermediate results, with only 9-14% meeting the 2008 recommendation.
Conclusions:
- A majority of US infants are not achieving adequate vitamin D intake per the 2008 AAP guidelines.
- Healthcare providers should actively promote oral vitamin D supplementation for breastfed and partially formula-fed infants.
- Targeted guidance is needed for parents to ensure infants meet daily vitamin D requirements.
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