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Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

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Neurons sense nanoscale roughness with nanometer sensitivity.

V Brunetti¹, G Maiorano, L Rizzello

¹Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnology, Via Barsanti, 1-73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|March 24, 2010

Summary

Neurons are sensitive to nanoroughness on gold surfaces, impacting cell adhesion, polarity, and survival. Fine-tuning nanotopography allows control over cell behavior for biomaterial design.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Cell-material interactions are crucial for developing advanced nanobiomaterials.
Understanding cellular responses to nanotopography is key for designing smart biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) responses to gold surfaces with varying nanoroughness.
To explore the impact of nanoscale surface topography on neuronal cell behavior and survival.

Main Methods:

Utilized wet chemistry and spontaneous galvanic displacement for precise nanoroughness control.
Examined cell adhesion, focal adhesion complexes, and cellular morphology.
Conducted apoptosis/necrosis assays and utilized micropatterned surfaces.

Main Results:

Neurons exhibit high sensitivity to nanometer-scale surface variations.
Nanoroughness significantly decreases cell adhesion and affects focal adhesion complexes.
Cells on nanorough surfaces show loss of polarity, Golgi fragmentation, and disorganized cytoskeleton.
Nanoscale features induce cell death by necrosis, correlating with roughness.
Micropatterned surfaces enable tunable cytophilic/cytophobic behavior based on topography.

Conclusions:

Surface nanotopography directly influences neuronal cell behavior, adhesion, and viability.
Precise control over nanoroughness offers a method for designing biomaterials with tailored biological responses.
This approach enables the development of substrates with specific nanostructure-triggered cellular functions.