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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...

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Sleep aid usage following benzodiazepine receptor agonist tapering and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in middle-aged and older adults.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Central sleep apnoea.

Susmita Chowdhuri1, M Safwan Badr

  • 1John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center & Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. schowdh@med.wayne.edu

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|March 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Central sleep apnoea (CSA) involves absent breathing during sleep, often linked to insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Understanding its causes and diverse population impact is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Central sleep apnoea (CSA) is defined by absent ventilatory drive during sleep.
  • It presents with symptoms like insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and frequent arousals.
  • CSA occurs via post-hyperventilation or post-hypoventilation pathophysiologic patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, prevalence, and risk factors of CSA.
  • To highlight the limited understanding of CSA pathogenesis and treatment options.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into CSA's long-term health impacts and population-specific determinants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on CSA.
  • Analysis of prevalence based on population studies and risk factors.

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Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: October 18, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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  • Examination of current therapeutic approaches and their limitations.

    • Main Results:

    • CSA prevalence varies, with elderly individuals and those with comorbidities being predominant risk groups.
    • Limited data exist on the racial distribution of CSA.
    • CSA can be a marker for serious underlying cardiac or neurological conditions, contributing to morbidity and mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Current therapeutic options for CSA are limited, including PAP devices, respiratory stimulants, and gas supplementation.
    • The long-term health consequences and mortality associated with CSA require further investigation.
    • Future research must explore the physiological basis of central breathing instability across diverse populations to develop targeted interventions.