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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Sleep disordered breathing in children.

Deepti Sinha1, Christian Guilleminault

  • 1Stanford Hospital Sleep Disorders Clinic, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA. bisther@yahoo.com

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|March 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children, affecting 1-4%, stems from narrow airways and low muscle tone. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious health issues like hypertension and learning difficulties.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics and Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a significant cause of morbidity in young children, with an estimated prevalence of 1-4%.
  • Pediatric SDB arises from a combination of a structurally narrow airway, reduced neuromuscular tone, and increased airway collapsibility.
  • SDB presentation and risk factors in children differ from adults, with higher prevalence in those with Down syndrome, midface hypoplasia, or neuromuscular disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the varied clinical presentations of SDB in children across different age groups.
  • To emphasize the importance of diagnosing SDB in children due to its potential long-term health consequences.
  • To outline current treatment modalities for pediatric SDB.

More Related Videos

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and risk factors associated with pediatric SDB.
  • Discussion of diagnostic considerations for SDB in the pediatric population.
  • Overview of established and alternative treatment strategies for childhood SDB.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric SDB symptoms range from snoring and arousals to enuresis and hyperactivity.
  • Children with specific genetic or anatomical conditions are at increased risk.
  • Untreated SDB can lead to learning difficulties, memory loss, hypertension, depression, and poor growth.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis of SDB in children is essential to mitigate adverse developmental and health outcomes.
  • First-line treatment often involves tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, with other options available.
  • Effective management of pediatric SDB is critical for preventing long-term morbidity.