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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a uniform...
Divergence Theorem in 3D Space01:20

Divergence Theorem in 3D Space

In vector calculus, flux measures the total flow of a vector field through a surface. For a closed surface in three-dimensional space, this means measuring how much of the field passes outward through every point on the boundary. Directly calculating this flux can be difficult when the surface has a complicated or irregular shape. The Divergence Theorem provides a powerful alternative by relating surface flux to behavior inside the enclosed region.The Divergence Theorem states that the outward...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
10:16

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Published on: February 8, 2014

Diffraction-limited geodesic lens: a search for substitute contours.

J H Myer, O G Ramer

    Applied Optics
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study compares geodesic lens contours to algebraic and transcendental ones, finding oblate ellipsoids closely approximate diffraction-limited contours for f/3.0 and above. Aberrations are analyzed, offering a formula for approximating lens contours.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Lens Design

    Background:

    • Geodesic lenses offer unique optical properties.
    • Accurate contour approximation is crucial for diffraction-limited performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare diffraction-limited geodesic lens contours with algebraic and transcendental contours.
    • To analyze curvature errors and aberrations in lenses across a range of f-numbers.
    • To develop a method for approximating optimal lens contours.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of geodesic, algebraic, and transcendental lens contours.
    • Analysis of curvature errors for f/0.68 to f/10 lenses.
    • Aberration analysis and development of an approximation formula.

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    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

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    Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

    Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
    10:16

    Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

    Published on: February 8, 2014

    Demonstration of a Hyperlens-integrated Microscope and Super-resolution Imaging
    10:01

    Demonstration of a Hyperlens-integrated Microscope and Super-resolution Imaging

    Published on: September 8, 2017

    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
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    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

    Published on: October 27, 2017

    Main Results:

    • Oblate ellipsoids of revolution closely approximate diffraction-limited contours above f/3.0.
    • Curvature errors were analyzed for a range of f-numbers.
    • A formula and constants were derived for approximating contour ellipses.

    Conclusions:

    • Oblate ellipsoids provide a practical approximation for geodesic lens contours at higher f-numbers.
    • The developed formula aids in designing lenses with desired f-numbers and minimized aberrations.