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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

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Published on: January 28, 2019

Small fast large-aperture light modulator using attenuated total reflection.

G T Sincerbox, J C Gordon Ii

    Applied Optics
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel optical modulator uses a prism and a metallic surface to control light intensity by adjusting a micron-size gap. This surface plasmon-based device offers improved speed and ease of operation for amplitude modulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Amplitude modulation of light is crucial for optical communication and sensing.
    • Existing modulation techniques face limitations in speed, aperture size, and operational complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new, simple optical modulator based on surface plasmon excitation.
    • To demonstrate the advantages of this device in terms of speed, aperture size, and ease of operation.

    Main Methods:

    • The device utilizes a prism coupled to a metallic surface with a variable micron-size gap.
    • Changes in gap thickness modulate the intensity of reflected light.
    • Surface plasmon excitation is employed for modulation.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental results confirm the principle of operation.
    • The device demonstrates efficient amplitude modulation of a collimated light beam.
    • The modulator exhibits favorable characteristics regarding speed and aperture size.

    Conclusions:

    • The described optical modulator offers a promising alternative to existing amplitude modulation techniques.
    • Its simple design and performance advantages make it suitable for various applications.
    • Further development could enhance its capabilities for advanced optical systems.