Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Analysis of the effects of polyphenols on human spermatozoa reveals unexpected impacts on mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress and DNA integrity; implications for assisted reproductive technology.

Biochemical pharmacology·2016
Same author

Characterization of Differentiated SH-SY5Y as Neuronal Screening Model Reveals Increased Oxidative Vulnerability.

Journal of biomolecular screening·2016
Same author

The role of learning by a predator, Rivulus hartii, in the rare-morph survival advantage in guppies.

Journal of evolutionary biology·2013
Same author

Boundary distance effects on overshooting.

Journal of motor behavior·2013
Same author

Gastroenteritis in children: new concepts and old affirmations.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2011
Same author

Prognosis of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing
10:32

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Published on: January 11, 2013

Psychomotor performance during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

B A Fraser, L Buck, J B McKendry

    Canadian Medical Association Journal
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) impairs cognitive function, specifically affecting response execution in tasks like driving. This study shows that even mild hypoglycemia can reduce performance.

    More Related Videos

    Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
    06:13

    Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

    Published on: December 1, 2023

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

    Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing
    10:32

    Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

    Published on: January 11, 2013

    Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
    06:13

    Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

    Published on: December 1, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Endocrinology
    • Human Performance

    Background:

    • Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, can affect brain function.
    • Understanding the impact of hypoglycemia on cognitive tasks is crucial for safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on a pursuit-tracking task.
    • To determine if impaired performance is linked to specific cognitive processes.

    Main Methods:

    • Intravenous insulin or saline injections were administered to subjects.
    • Subjects performed a pursuit-tracking task to assess performance.
    • Plasma glucose levels were monitored, and clinical signs of hypoglycemia were recorded.

    Main Results:

    • Subjects with plasma glucose ≤ 32 mg/dl and clinical hypoglycemia showed impaired tracking performance.
    • Impairment was observed between 15 and 60 minutes post-injection.
    • Performance deficits were more evident in response execution than response selection.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypoglycemia significantly impairs performance on complex motor tasks.
    • Neuroglycopenia is a likely mechanism for observed performance deficits.
    • Findings have implications for activities requiring sustained attention and rapid responses, such as driving.