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The search for useful methodologies in occupational science.

M E Carlson1, F A Clark

  • 1Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033.

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluates research methodologies for occupational science, proposing genuineness and trustworthiness criteria. It contrasts positivism and naturalistic paradigms, discussing their suitability for advancing this emerging field.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Science
  • Social Sciences Research Methodologies

Background:

  • Ongoing debate regarding the validity of social science research methods.
  • Emerging field of occupational science requires methodological evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define occupational science and evaluate its research methodologies.
  • To contrast positivism and naturalistic paradigms within occupational science.
  • To propose criteria for assessing research soundness in occupational science.

Main Methods:

  • Definition of occupational science.
  • Contrast of positivism (Paradigm 1) and naturalistic (Paradigm 2) research methodologies.
  • Proposal of genuineness and trustworthiness as evaluation criteria.

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Main Results:

  • Exemplars of sound research methodologies meeting proposed criteria are described.
  • The suitability of different paradigms for occupational science is analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Genuineness and trustworthiness are essential for sound occupational science research.
  • Nonscientific ways of knowing, like art and literature, may contribute to understanding human occupation.