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Related Concept Videos

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Extraction of Guinea Pig Round Window Membrane to Facilitate Inner Ear Drug Delivery Research
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[Cochlear microcirculation in living guinea pigs following explosion].

B Hu1

  • 1PLA General Hospital, Beijing.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Explosion exposure in guinea pigs revealed immediate increases in cochlear blood flow, particularly in the spiral ligament and stria vascularis. However, these microcirculatory changes did not correlate with subsequent hearing loss or hair cell damage.

Area of Science:

  • Otoacoustic emissions
  • Auditory neuroscience
  • Microvascular physiology

Context:

  • Cochlear microcirculation is crucial for auditory function.
  • Understanding the impact of acoustic trauma on the inner ear is vital.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the immediate vascular response to explosions.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the acute effects of explosion on cochlear microcirculation in vivo.
  • To correlate microcirculatory changes with hearing function and hair cell integrity.
  • To assess vital microscopic techniques for studying cochlear blood flow.

Summary:

  • Vital microscopy observed stable blood flow in guinea pig cochleae under normal conditions.
  • Following explosion, blood flow velocity and vessel diameters in the spiral ligament and stria vascularis increased.

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  • Spiral ligament flow normalized within 30 minutes, suggesting early vasodilation and increased blood supply, but showed no link to hearing loss or hair cell damage.

    • Impact:

    • Provides insights into the immediate vascular response to acoustic trauma.
    • Highlights the dissociation between early microcirculatory changes and subsequent cochlear damage.
    • Informs future research on the mechanisms of hearing loss and hair cell injury.
    • Validates vital microscopy as a tool for cochlear research.