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History of Microbiology01:28

History of Microbiology

Microbiology, a scientific field dedicated to the study of microorganisms, has undergone profound development since its inception in the 17th century. Its history is marked by key discoveries and technological advancements that have shaped our understanding of life at the microscopic level and transformed medicine, agriculture, and industry.Early Foundations of MicrobiologyThe early foundations of microbiology were built on groundbreaking observations and the development of pioneering...

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Canadian-trained basic medical scientists, 1946-47-1963-64.

C De Hesse, D G Fish

    Canadian Medical Association Journal
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Most basic medical science PhDs trained in Canada between 1946-1964 migrated after graduation. Post-doctorate training abroad and foreign student status significantly increased migration rates.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Education
    • Public Health
    • Sociology of Science

    Background:

    • Canadian medical faculties trained a cohort of master's and doctoral degree holders in basic medical sciences between 1946-47 and 1963-64.
    • Understanding the post-graduation geographical distribution and employment of these scientists is crucial for assessing the impact of Canadian medical education and research.
    • A significant portion of these graduates have migrated, necessitating an analysis of contributing factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the geographical distribution of basic medical science degree holders trained in Canada.
    • To identify factors influencing the migration patterns of these graduates.
    • To assess the current employment status of Ph.D. holders in Canada.

    Main Methods:

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  • Data collection from Canadian medical schools regarding master's and doctoral degree holders (1946-47 to 1963-64).
  • Analysis of questionnaire returns from doctoral degree holders concerning citizenship, training locations, and migration.
  • Examination of current employment data for Ph.D. respondents.

    • Main Results:

    • 69% of degree holders reside in Canada, 23% in the U.S.A., and 8% overseas.
    • Canadian-born graduates had the lowest migration rates, while landed immigrants and foreign students had the highest.
    • Post-doctorate training in the U.S. was strongly associated with residing in the U.S. (50% vs. 15% for those trained solely in Canada).
    • Only 25% of Ph.D. respondents hold basic science teaching positions in Canada.

    Conclusions:

    • Graduation from Canadian basic medical science programs during this era was associated with significant post-graduation migration.
    • Factors such as citizenship status at graduation and undertaking post-doctoral training abroad strongly predict migration.
    • A substantial proportion of Ph.D. graduates are not currently employed in basic science teaching positions within Canada, suggesting a potential "brain drain" or career path divergence.