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Malignant hyperthermia in dogs.

T E Nelson1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|March 15, 1991
PubMed
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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a dangerous hypermetabolic state triggered by anesthesia. In susceptible dogs, halothane caused MH, which was reversed by dantrolene sodium, confirming canine models for MH research.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Canine Genetics

Background:

  • Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic state triggered by anesthetic agents.
  • Genetic predisposition to MH exists in humans, pigs, and dogs.
  • Anesthetic-induced MH in dogs presents a valuable animal model for studying the condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) syndrome in genetically predisposed dogs.
  • To quantify in vitro contracture sensitivity of canine muscle to halothane and caffeine.
  • To establish the efficacy of dantrolene sodium in reversing MH in dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of halothane to genetically predisposed dogs to trigger MH.
  • Monitoring of CO2 production and rectal temperature during halothane exposure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • In vitro contracture testing of biopsied gracilis muscle with halothane and caffeine.
  • Intravenous administration of dantrolene sodium for reversal of MH.

    • Main Results:

    • MH-susceptible dogs exhibited rapid increases in CO2 production and rectal temperature within 1 hour of halothane administration.
    • Discontinuation of halothane and administration of dantrolene sodium effectively reversed the hypermetabolic state.
    • Biopsied muscle from MH-susceptible dogs showed abnormal in vitro contracture responses to halothane and caffeine.

    Conclusions:

    • Halothane triggers a malignant hyperthermia syndrome in genetically predisposed dogs.
    • Dantrolene sodium is effective in reversing MH in canine models.
    • Canine MH models exhibit similar muscle cell Ca2+ dysregulation as seen in human and porcine MH, validating their use in research.