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Metabolic dysfunctions in non-antiretroviral treated HIV/AIDS patients
1Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. sisezuo@skannet.com
Background:
AIDS related metabolic and morphologic disorders have been attributed to protease inhibitor based antiretroviral therapy. HIV/AIDS is however a multi-systemic disease with potential for alteration of metabolic and endocrine functions.
Objective:
To determine if metabolic disorders occur in non-antiretroviral treated HIV/AIDS patients.
Methods:
Case control study of prospectively recruited 48 HIV seropositive patients, and randomly selected age and sex-matched controls. Main outcome measures included plasma lipid concentrations and intravenous glucose tolerance measured using glucose assimilation coefficient, K. A K-value less than 1.2 constituted an impaired glucose tolerance.
Results:
Compared to the controls, HIV/AIDS patients had significantly lower glucose assimilation coefficient (1.5 +/- 0.5 versus 2.7 +/- 0.9; p < 0.001); higher proportion of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (35.4% versus 7.5%; P = 0.01); and higher plasma triglyceride concentration (166.5 +/-20.7 mg/dL versus 148.9 +/- 13.5 mg/dL; p = 0.04). The proportion of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia was also significantly higher among patients than controls (56.3% versus 17.5%; p = 0.04).
Conclusions:
Metabolic dysfunctions occur in HIV/AIDS independent of antiretroviral therapy. Routine monitor of plasma lipids and glucose is therefore advocated in HIV/AIDS patients.
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