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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

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Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
06:03

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

How I treat common variable immune deficiency.

Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA. charlotte.cunningham-rundles@mssm.edu

Blood
|March 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a complex immune disorder diagnosed in adults 20-40 years old. This review details a diagnostic and treatment approach using biomarkers and phenotyping for better patient categorization.

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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
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Published on: May 27, 2011

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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired antibody production.
  • Clinical manifestations of CVID are diverse, encompassing infections, autoimmune diseases, and increased cancer risk, leading to a complex and heterogeneous disease phenotype.
  • Diagnostic criteria, patient cohort sizes, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and monitoring protocols for CVID remain variable and unstandardized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a structured approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with CVID.
  • To highlight the utility of laboratory biomarkers and clinical phenotyping in stratifying CVID patient groups.
  • To offer guidance on monitoring patients and managing CVID complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of data from large patient registries.
  • Analysis of laboratory markers and clinical phenotyping for patient categorization.
  • Synthesis of an approach to CVID diagnosis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Patient cohorts in CVID studies are often small, with varying diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols.
  • Recent registry data suggest that laboratory markers and clinical phenotyping can help categorize CVID patients into biologically relevant groups.
  • Standardization of monitoring and treatment protocols for CVID complications is lacking.

Conclusions:

  • CVID diagnosis and management require a nuanced approach due to its complexity and heterogeneity.
  • Laboratory biomarkers and clinical phenotyping are valuable tools for stratifying CVID patients.
  • Further standardization of monitoring and treatment strategies is needed for optimal CVID patient care.