Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, respond to the autonomic neurotransmitter noradrenaline and other endogenous catecholamine agonists. They are classified into two main families, α and β, based on their pharmacological response and are further subdivided depending on their location, elicited response, and affinity to specific agonists or antagonists.
α-Adrenoceptors
α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors, which are found on postsynaptic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Molecular Evolution and Mechanisms of Plants NRAMP Transporters in Response to Heavy Metal Stress.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Variation in <i>SNX29</i> and Acute Vasodilator Response in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Circulation research·2026

Same author

Left atrioventricular coupling index by 2D and 3D echocardiography: association with exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery·2026

Same author

Upregulation of CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis Induced by Pulmonary Hemodynamic Stress Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026

Same author

Salusin-α Restores Vascular Relaxation and Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026

Same author

Echinatin Alleviates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension by PPARγ Pathway Activation.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026

Same journal

Fibrocytes drive JAK2V617F-mutated myelofibrosis: pitavastatin reverses marrow fibrosis and anemia.

Blood·2026

Same journal

Identifying steroid-refractory aGVHD before it happens.

Blood·2026

Same journal

ELISA-negative HIT: antibody recognition and relevance.

Blood·2026

Same journal

EBV and immunodeficiency: the odd couple drawn to the brain.

Blood·2026

Same journal

A bone to pick with ferric carboxymaltose.

Blood·2026

Same journal

A step toward streamlining HIT diagnosis.

Blood·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

ATAC-Seq Library Preparation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Neutrophils

ATAC-Seq Library Preparation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Neutrophils

Published on: January 3, 2025

Akt isoforms differentially regulate neutrophil functions.

Jia Chen¹, Haiyang Tang, Nissim Hay

¹Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

|March 25, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Akt2 plays a key role in neutrophil activation, impacting cell migration, degranulation, and superoxide production. Akt2 deficiency significantly impairs these functions, highlighting its critical role in neutrophil responses.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

Published on: June 19, 2015

Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments

Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments

Published on: July 10, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

ATAC-Seq Library Preparation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Neutrophils

ATAC-Seq Library Preparation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Neutrophils

Published on: January 3, 2025

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

Published on: June 19, 2015

Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments

Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments

Published on: July 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway regulates critical neutrophil functions.
Distinct roles of Akt kinase isoforms (Akt1 and Akt2) in neutrophil activation remain largely undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the differential functions of Akt1 and Akt2 isoforms in neutrophil activation.
To elucidate the specific contributions of Akt2 to neutrophil migration, degranulation, and oxidative burst.

Main Methods:

Utilized Akt1 and Akt2 knockout mouse models to study neutrophil functions.
Assessed neutrophil migration, degranulation, and superoxide (O(2)(-)) production.
Investigated protein phosphorylation and cellular localization of Akt isoforms.

Main Results:

Akt2 knockout neutrophils showed significantly reduced migration, degranulation, and O(2)(-) production compared to wild-type and Akt1 knockout neutrophils.
Akt2 deficiency abrogated phorbol ester-induced O(2)(-) production, linked to reduced p47(phox) phosphorylation and membrane translocation.
Akt2, but not Akt1, translocated to the plasma membrane upon stimulation and to the leading edge in polarized neutrophils.

Conclusions:

Akt2 plays a predominant role in regulating key neutrophil functions, including migration, degranulation, and phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase assembly.
Demonstrated differential activation and localization of Akt isoforms within neutrophils.
Findings highlight Akt2 as a crucial regulator of neutrophil activation and function.