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Related Concept Videos

Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Validated band model for the NO fundamental.

J H Pierluissi, K Tomiyama, F X Kneizys

    Applied Optics
    |March 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study validates and upgrades a NO transmission model using measured data, significantly improving accuracy for atmospheric and remote sensing applications.

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    A Pulmonary Trunk Banding Model of Pressure Overload Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure
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    A Pulmonary Trunk Banding Model of Pressure Overload Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure

    Published on: November 29, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

    Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
    13:56

    Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

    Published on: October 12, 2019

    A Pulmonary Trunk Banding Model of Pressure Overload Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure
    06:47

    A Pulmonary Trunk Banding Model of Pressure Overload Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure

    Published on: November 29, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Spectroscopy
    • Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • Accurate modeling of atmospheric gas transmittance is crucial for remote sensing and climate studies.
    • Previous models for nitric oxide (NO) in the 5.3-micrometer band relied on calculated spectra.
    • Validation with experimental data is essential for refining atmospheric transmission models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To validate and upgrade a previously developed transmission model for the 5.3-micrometer band of nitric oxide (NO).
    • To improve the accuracy of NO transmittance calculations by incorporating measured transmittance data.
    • To enhance the spectral resolution and interval precision of the NO transmission model.

    Main Methods:

    • The study employed a double-exponential function to approximate homogeneous-path transmittance.
    • Transmittance was calculated at 5-cm(-1) intervals with a spectral resolution of 20 cm(-1).
    • Model parameters were refined using measured transmittance data, replacing parameters derived solely from line-by-line calculations.

    Main Results:

    • The upgraded model, using validated parameters, achieved an average deviation of 0.28% from measured transmittance data.
    • The overall maximum deviation observed with the new parameters was 1.48%.
    • This represents a significant improvement over the previous model's average deviation of 1.05% and maximum deviation of 4.94%.

    Conclusions:

    • The validated and upgraded NO transmission model demonstrates superior accuracy compared to the previous version.
    • The use of measured transmittance data is critical for enhancing the reliability of atmospheric spectral models.
    • This improved model offers greater precision for applications involving NO spectral analysis in the 5.3-micrometer band.