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Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
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Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Published on: November 8, 2018

Single-mode fiber coupler.

F J Liao, J T Boyd

    Applied Optics
    |March 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the creation of a single-mode fiber coupler, demonstrating controlled and reversible coupling efficiency. The fabrication process utilizes precise fiber etching for smooth surfaces, achieving low insertion loss.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Single-mode fiber couplers are essential components in optical communication systems.
    • Controlling coupling efficiency and minimizing insertion loss are critical for device performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the fabrication process and coupling principle of a novel single-mode fiber coupler.
    • To investigate the influence of material properties on coupling efficiency.
    • To demonstrate controlled and reversible adjustment of coupling after fabrication.

    Main Methods:

    • Precise etching of single-mode fibers to achieve smooth surfaces.
    • Fabrication of a fiber coupler utilizing a specific material to separate fiber cores.
    • Characterization of coupling efficiency as a function of the refractive index of the separating material.

    Main Results:

    • Fiber etching resulted in exceptionally smooth surfaces.
    • Coupling efficiency was observed to be dependent on the refractive index of the separating material.
    • Controlled and reversible variation of coupling efficiency was achieved post-fabrication.
    • A 3-dB coupling efficiency was obtained with less than 1-dB insertion loss.

    Conclusions:

    • The described fabrication method allows for the creation of high-performance single-mode fiber couplers.
    • The refractive index of the separating material offers a viable method for tuning coupling characteristics.
    • The developed coupler exhibits excellent performance with low insertion loss, suitable for various optical applications.