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Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis presenting as a neurological emergency: a case report
Zongqi Xia1, Brijesh P Mehta, Allan H Ropper
1Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. santoshkesari@gmail.com.
Journal of Medical Case Reports
|March 26, 2010
Summary
Early diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) in small-cell lung cancer patients are crucial. Prompt immune therapies can lead to improved neurological outcomes and seizure resolution.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a difficult diagnosis associated with poor outcomes if not identified early.
- Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a common underlying malignancy associated with PLE.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a case of SCLC-associated PLE.
- To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for improved patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A 65-year-old female patient with SCLC presented with seizures and confusion.
- Diagnostic workup included MRI, EEG, lumbar puncture, antibody testing, and CT chest.
- Treatment involved anti-epileptic drugs, chemotherapy, IVIg, and steroids.
Main Results:
- The patient was diagnosed with PLE associated with SCLC and positive N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies.
- Treatment led to seizure resolution and improved mental status.
Conclusions:
- Early recognition and prompt immune intervention in PLE are vital for favorable neurological outcomes.
- This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing SCLC-associated neurological paraneoplastic syndromes.
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